Health Risks in Tattooing

Of course it’s exciting, but getting a new tattoo is something to take very seriously. People get caught up in choosing the placement and design, which shouldn’t be underestimated, because it’s going to be on your body full time, everywhere you go, for the rest of your life. However, your first consideration should be the fact that you’re about to undergo a invasive procedure that is going to break your skin and insert a foreign substance. No matter how careful you are and how clean the shop is, things can still go wrong.

In the tattooing process, a needle connected to tubes of dye pierces the skin repeatedly, inserting tiny ink droplets. The process causes a small amount of bleeding, and there may be redness and swelling of the area that should disappear in two or three weeks. This is an expected side effect of the tattooing process. However, several complications can result from tattooing: infection, removal problems, allergic reactions, granulomas, keloids and MRI complications.

Tattooing equipment and needles can transmit infectious diseases if not sterilized properly. It is extremely important that all tattooing equipment is clean and sterilized before use. Even if the needles have not been used, the most conscientious tattoo artist cannot thoroughly sterilize older tattoo guns. The design of older equipment makes full sterilization impossible, which can contaminate the needle. If the equipment used to create your tattoo is contaminated with infected blood, you can contract a number of diseases, including hepatitis C, hepatitis B, tetanus, tuberculosis and HIV.

In addition, you must care for the tattooed area properly during the first week to avoid bacterial infections. Redness, warmth, swelling and drainage are all common signs of an infection. Some skin infections resist antibiotics and can lead to pneumonia, bloodstream infections and necrotizing fasciitis.

Allergic reactions to tattoos are relatively rare, but the concentrated tattoo pigments can cause a reaction. These can be very dangerous, because the damaging pigments are often hard to remove. Cadmium sulfide in some yellow tattoos can cause reactions when they are exposed to sunlight. Phototoxic reactions normally appear as swelling and redness around the tattoo site. This can also occur in red tattoos, because cadmium sulfide is added to brighten red tattoo pigment.

Occasionally, people develop an allergic reaction to tattoos they have had for many years. Red pigment is the main cause, but green and blue pigments can also cause late reactions.

Granulomas are nodules that may form around material that the body perceives as foreign, such as particles of tattoo pigment. Some pigment colors are more likely to cause granulomas than others; red, green, blue and purple pigment tattoos are most often associated with granulomatous reactions.

Keloids may form any time you injure or traumatize your skin, and tattooing is a form of trauma. However, keloids occur more frequently after tattoo removal for all but those most prone to keloid formation.

Occasionally, tattoos can react poorly during other medical procedures. Some people have experienced swelling or burning around tattooed areas during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tattoos may also interfere with the quality of the image. This is most common when a person with permanent eyeliner undergoes an MRI on their eyes. Although mascara produces a similar effect, it can be removed easily.

Similarly, items related to tattooing often cause complications even when the tattoos themselves do not. Many tattoo artists use latex gloves, which can cause a reaction for those allergic to latex. Similarly, tattoos carry a risk of anaphylactic shock in those who are susceptible, but this reaction is very rare otherwise.